It has a mean molecular weight of 9.4 × 10 4 and is composed of a glucan with a β1–β4 bond in the main chain and β1–β3 and β1–β6 bonds in the side chain the latter binds to a protein moiety through O- or N-glycoside bonds. Polysaccharide K (PSK) is a protein-bound polysaccharide that is extracted from the mycelia of Coriolus versicolor strain CM-101, one of the basidiomycetes. Therefore, new and adjuvant treatments are needed in clinical practice. Although recent developments in treatment modalities, including surgical resection, have significantly improved the long-term survival of patients with GIC, the overall prognosis remains poor.
Many patients who are symptomatic at presentation already have late cancer, with local and distant metastasis radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not sensitive and postoperative relapse is common, which are the major reasons for the high mortality rate. Because primary GIC exhibits an insidious onset, rapid development and a high degree of malignancy, early clinical diagnosis is difficult. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and the third most common malignant cancer worldwide gastric cancer and esophageal cancer are relatively rare but have poorer prognoses, with only 30.4% and 18.4% 5-year survival rates in the United States, respectively. Most are characterized by a remarkable male predominance in incidence. GICs account for approximately 30% of all cancers worldwide.
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) include several types of cancer, including liver, colorectal, pancreatic, gastric and esophageal cancer, and present an increasing global public health threat.
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